Solar-powered submersible pumps are equipped with solar panels that capture sunlight and convert it into electricity through the photovoltaic (PV) effect. These solar panels are typically mounted above ground or on a surface adjacent to the water source, such as a wellhead or the edge of a pond. Solar submersible pumps use a direct current (DC) motor to drive the pump's impeller and circulate water. The DC motor is powered by the electricity generated by the solar panels, eliminating the need for grid electricity or batteries in many cases.